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Building a 120 Volt AC Power Supply for 3 Volt DC Output
Author： ZYG Power Module Time： 2023-4-23
Introduction
When it comes to electronic devices, the power supply is an essential component that ensures the device receives the necessary power to operate correctly. In this article, we will discuss how to build a 120-volt AC power supply that provides 3-volt DC output.
Designing the Power Supply
Before we begin building the power supply, we need to design it first. The power supply consists of two main stages: the AC to DC conversion and voltage regulation.
AC to DC Conversion
To convert AC power to DC power, we will use a bridge rectifier. A bridge rectifier is a circuit that converts AC power into pulsating DC power. The circuit consists of four diodes arranged in a bridge configuration, hence the name. The output of the bridge rectifier is not a pure DC, but rather a pulsating DC voltage that varies between the positive and negative peaks of the AC voltage. To smoothen the pulsating DC voltage, we need to use a capacitor filter.
Voltage Regulation
After the AC to DC conversion, the output voltage still requires regulation to ensure that it provides a steady DC voltage. To control the output voltage, we will use a voltage regulator. A voltage regulator is a device that maintains a constant voltage level regardless of changes in the input voltage, load current, or temperature.
Building the Power Supply
Now that we have designed the power supply, we can begin building it. The schematic diagram for the power supply is shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1: Schematic diagram of the 120V AC to 3V DC power supply.
Materials
To build the power supply, you will need the following materials:
– 1 x 120V AC to 9V AC transformer (1A)
– 4 x 1N4007 diodes
– 1 x 2200μF/16V electrolytic capacitor
– 1 x LM7803 voltage regulator
– 1 x 0.1μF ceramic capacitor
– 1 x 10μF/16V electrolytic capacitor
– 1 x 3V LED
– 1 x 220Ω resistor
Step-by-Step Instructions
1. Begin by connecting the AC input of the transformer to the bridge rectifier. Connect the positive and negative outputs of the bridge rectifier to the positive and negative terminals of the capacitor, respectively.
2. Next, connect the output of the capacitor to the input of the voltage regulator. Connect the output of the voltage regulator to the 0.1μF ceramic capacitor, and then connect it to the 10μF electrolytic capacitor.
3. The output of the regulator should be 3 volts DC. Connect the anode of the LED to the output of the regulator and connect the cathode to the 220Ω resistor. Finally, connect the other end of the resistor to the ground.
Testing the Power Supply
Before connecting any load to the power supply, it is essential to test it first. Connect a multimeter to the output of the power supply and measure the voltage. It should be close to 3 volts DC.
Conclusion
Building a 120V AC to 3V DC power supply is a simple and straightforward process. By following the steps provided in this article, you can create a reliable power supply that can power a wide range of electronic devices. Remember to take necessary precautions when working with electricity to avoid accidents.
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