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Generación de alimentación de CC a partir de una fuente de CA mediante un convertidor CA-CC
Autor： Módulo de potencia ZYG Time： 2023-4-18
En muchos dispositivos electrónicos, una fuente de alimentación de corriente continua (CC) es esencial. Sin embargo, la mayoría de las fuentes de energía eléctrica, incluidos los tomacorrientes de pared, generan energía de corriente alterna (CA). Para convertir la energía CA en energía CC, se necesita un convertidor CA-CC. Este artículo explicará cómo funcionan estos convertidores y sus diferentes tipos.
Los convertidores AC-DC funcionan rectificando la fuente de alimentación de CA en un voltaje de CC. El proceso de rectificación funciona al permitir que la corriente fluya en una sola dirección. La forma más simple de rectificación se logra mediante el uso de un diodo, que permite que la corriente fluya solo cuando el voltaje es positivo. Para generar un voltaje de CC suave, se puede usar un capacitor para filtrar la salida rectificada.
Hay dos tipos principales de convertidores AC-DC: lineales y de modo conmutado. Los convertidores lineales utilizan un transformador para cambiar el voltaje de la fuente de alimentación de CA al nivel deseado. Luego, el voltaje de salida se rectifica y se filtra para generar el voltaje de CC. Sin embargo, los convertidores lineales no son eficientes, ya que disipan mucho calor debido a la energía que se pierde en el transformador.
Los convertidores de modo de conmutación, por otro lado, utilizan un circuito de conmutación de alta frecuencia para convertir la fuente de alimentación de CA en voltaje de CC. El convertidor de modo de conmutación funciona activando y desactivando el voltaje a alta frecuencia, normalmente entre 20 kHz y 1 MHz. Esto crea un voltaje de CA con una ondulación de alta frecuencia, que luego se rectifica y filtra para generar el voltaje de CC. Los convertidores de modo de conmutación son más eficientes que los convertidores lineales, ya que desperdician menos energía y generan menos calor.
Hay varios tipos de convertidores CA-CC de modo conmutado, incluidos los convertidores reductor, elevador y reductor-elevador. Los convertidores reductores reducen el voltaje de CC, mientras que los convertidores elevadores aumentan el voltaje de CC. Los convertidores Buck-Boost pueden aumentar y reducir el voltaje de CC. Cada tipo tiene sus propias ventajas y desventajas, y la elección depende de la aplicación específica.
En conclusión, los convertidores CA-CC son esenciales para convertir la energía CA en energía CC, que es necesaria para muchos dispositivos electrónicos. Si bien los convertidores lineales son simples, no son eficientes y generan mucho calor. Los convertidores de modo de conmutación, por otro lado, son más eficientes y generan menos calor, lo que los convierte en la opción preferida para la mayoría de las aplicaciones. Hay varios tipos de convertidores de modo de conmutación, cada uno con sus propias ventajas y desventajas, y la elección depende de la aplicación específica.
Anterior: Convertidor AC-DC: conversión de corriente alterna a corriente continua
Próximo: Distinguir entre fuentes de alimentación de CA y CC
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